Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304
Quick Summary (TL;DR)
Article 307 (Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304): Guarantees free trade, commerce, and movement of goods across state borders within India (Part XIII).
In Simple Citizen Words
Article 307 ('Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304') in Part XIII (Articles 301–307) ensures the economic unity of India. While Article 301 declares that trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free, Articles 302–307 regulate when Parliament or a State Legislature may impose non-discriminatory restrictions in the public interest. Specifically: Parliament may by law appoint such authority as it considers appropriate for carrying out the purposes of articles 301, 302, 303 and 304, and confer on the authority so appointed such powers and such duties as it thinks necessary.
Key Constitutional Provisions
Constitutional Mandate (Art. 307): Directly codifies the legal rule for 'Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304' under Part XIII
Sets a direct, self-contained constitutional command binding on public authorities across India
Requires transparent Parliamentary law-making and democratic accountability rather than arbitrary executive action
Exceptions & Reasonable Restrictions
Under Article 304(b), any State Bill imposing reasonable restrictions on inter-state trade in the public interest requires the previous sanction of the President (Atiabari Tea Co. & Jindal Stainless rulings).
Why This Matters in Daily Life
Allows farmers, traders, transporters, and businesses to sell and move goods across all 28 States and 8 UTs as one common national market.
Want deeper legal & historical context? Explore the official Bare Act or Supreme Court Precedents & CAD Debates: