Official language or languages of a State
Quick Summary (TL;DR)
Article 345 (Official language or languages of a State): Regulates official languages of the Union, States, Judiciary, and linguistic minority protections under Part XVII.
In Simple Citizen Words
Article 345 ('Official language or languages of a State') in Part XVII (Official Language, Articles 343–351) harmonizes India's rich linguistic diversity. It governs the official language of the Union (Arts 343–344), regional official languages adopted by States (Arts 345–347), language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, and authoritative Bills/Acts (Art 348), the right of every citizen to submit grievance petitions in any language used in the Union or State (Art 350), and primary education in the mother tongue (Art 350A). Specifically: Subject to the provisions of articles 346 and 347, the Legislature of a State may by law adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the State or Hindi as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes of...
Key Constitutional Provisions
Constitutional Mandate (Art. 345): Directly codifies the legal rule for 'Official language or languages of a State' under Part XVII
Sets a direct, self-contained constitutional command binding on public authorities across India
Any administrative or legislative action violating Article 345 can be challenged before the High Court (Art. 226) or Supreme Court
Exceptions & Reasonable Restrictions
Under Article 350, no authority can reject a citizen's representation for redress of grievances merely because it is written in any regional/Eighth Schedule language used in the Union or the State.
Why This Matters in Daily Life
Respects India's multilingual heritage by ensuring governance and grievance redressal remain accessible in people's own languages.
Want deeper legal & historical context? Explore the official Bare Act or Supreme Court Precedents & CAD Debates: