Oath or affirmation by members
Quick Summary (TL;DR)
Article 99 (Oath or affirmation by members): Regulates the composition, procedures, privileges, and law-making rules of Parliament under Part V.
In Simple Citizen Words
Article 99 governs 'Oath or affirmation by members' in Part V, Chapter II (Parliament). It lays down the constitutional rulebook for how Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are constituted, how presiding officers (Speaker/Chairman) function, member qualifications/disqualifications, quorum, passage of ordinary and financial Bills, budget grants, and parliamentary privileges. Specifically: Every member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the...
Key Constitutional Provisions
Constitutional Mandate (Art. 99): Directly codifies the legal rule for 'Oath or affirmation by members' under Part V
Sets a direct, self-contained constitutional command binding on public authorities across India
Requires transparent Parliamentary law-making and democratic accountability rather than arbitrary executive action
Exceptions & Reasonable Restrictions
All Parliamentary legislation and rules of procedure are subject to the provisions of the Constitution, Fundamental Rights (Article 13), and the Basic Structure doctrine.
Why This Matters in Daily Life
Protects democratic representation by ensuring national laws and public budgets are passed only through transparent parliamentary rules.
Want deeper legal & historical context? Explore the official Bare Act or Supreme Court Precedents & CAD Debates: