🇮🇳 SUPREME LAW OF INDIA • ENFORCEABLE SINCE 26 JAN 1950
The Constitution of India: Sovereign Archive
Explore all 395+ articles across all 25 parts and 12 schedules of the world’s longest written constitution. Complete with plain-language explanations, Constituent Assembly debates, and landmark Supreme Court rulings.
395+
Articles
25
Thematic Parts
12
Schedules
106
Amendments
📜 Preamble
“WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC...”
“WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.”
Article 323A ('Administrative tribunals') in Part XIV-A (Tribunals, inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976) empowers Parliament/Legislatures to establish Administrative Tribunals (Art 323A, such as CAT) for public service disputes and specialized Tribunals (Art 323B) for taxation, labour, land reforms, and environmental/regulatory matters.
Article 323B ('Tribunals for other matters') in Part XIV-A (Tribunals, inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976) empowers Parliament/Legislatures to establish Administrative Tribunals (Art 323A, such as CAT) for public service disputes and specialized Tribunals (Art 323B) for taxation, labour, land reforms, and environmental/regulatory matters.
Under Section 52(1)(q) of the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, the Constitution of India, Bare Acts of Parliament, Gazette Notifications, and Judicial Judgments of the Supreme Court and High Courts are in the Public Domain. Text is reproduced from the official Legislative Department, Ministry of Law & Justice, Government of India (India Code) archives.
Architectural Blueprint
Architectural Blueprint: 5 Pillars of the Indian Constitution
Explore how the world’s longest written constitution is systematically engineered across 5 core pillars of sovereign governance and citizen liberties.
Pillar I • Republic & Identity
Republic, Territory & Citizenship
Defines the sovereign territory of Bharat and rules of who belongs as a citizen.
