Contracts
Quick Summary (TL;DR)
Article 299 (Contracts): Regulates taxation authority, public funds, revenue sharing, contracts, and property rights under Part XII.
In Simple Citizen Words
Article 299 ('Contracts') in Part XII (Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits) regulates public money and property. It covers constitutional rules on valid taxation (Art 265), Consolidated and Contingency Funds (Arts 266–267), GST & tax devolution between Union and States (Arts 268–281), government borrowing and contracts (Arts 292–299), liability of the State to be sued by citizens (Art 300), and the constitutional Right to Property (Art 300A). Specifically: (1) All contracts made in the exercise of the executive power of the Union or of a State shall be expressed to be made by the President, or by the Governor of the State, as the case may be, and all such contracts and all assurances of...
Key Constitutional Provisions
Constitutional Mandate (Art. 299): Directly codifies the legal rule for 'Contracts' under Part XII
Structured across 2 clause(s) with clear procedural conditions
Exercises of constitutional office under this article must follow aid, advice, and established constitutional conventions
Exceptions & Reasonable Restrictions
Under Article 265, no tax or fee can be levied or collected by executive order without an enacted law, and no money can be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund without Parliamentary/Legislative appropriation.
Why This Matters in Daily Life
Protects citizens against arbitrary tax demands and illegal property seizure while enforcing strict fiscal discipline on governments.
Want deeper legal & historical context? Explore the official Bare Act or Supreme Court Precedents & CAD Debates: